Ukraine.

slaves of the lamp.
Hope GONCHARUK.

The share of energy in total energy balance of the country should grow up to 19 % in 2030, forecasts of the Ministry of Industrial Policy of Ukraine. ... The reasons for this are errors in the priorities and perspectives of the energy sector of the state and its dependence on external factors (mainly from Russia), rise in prices on world markets, limited natural energy resources in the earth's crust. Oil reserves will last for 43 years, natural gas - for 56 years, uranium - for 30 years, and coal - for 170 years ...

One of the main indicators of the energy efficiency of the economy - the GDP energy intensity: the ratio of total energy consumption to GDP. The problem of the Ukrainian economy - a large energy intensity of GDP: 0.5 kg of oil equivalent per $ 1, data from the International Energy Agency. This figure is 2.6 times the energy intensity of the developed world (about 0.21 kg per $ 1). According to the Ministry of Industrial Policy of Ukraine, our country imports more than 50% of consumed energy. This suggests a high degree of volatility - today, most EU countries are trying to deal with it. Government allocate funds for the development of environmentally sound projects, in particular, the creation of solar power. Among other things, solar energy is inexhaustible reserves. For example, the human race annually produces and consumes energy equal to that which the sun sends to earth in one hour. Over the Ukraine, too, the sun is shining....

green shoots.

The development of the domestic market. solar Energy. largely hampered by the inefficiency of energy efficiency programs adopted, though all the prerequisites for the existence of this market is. First, the climatic conditions - in the south solar systems can work with almost as efficiently as possible. Second, in Ukraine developed its own. production of photovoltaic modules and inverters. However, 95% of production is exported abroad because of low demand in the domestic market. In the past year in Ukraine, the total capacity of the modules was acquired a few megawatts of that in cash equal to $ 10 million. But the demand for photovoltaic products is growing slowly. The local market is almost a virgin, and therefore very promising, but there is little real buyers, experts state.


A year ago, the Ukrainian Parliament, amending the laws on electricity and alternative energy sources, has introduced green tariffs - tariffs for electricity converted from sunlight, wind, etc. Dr.. That utilities can sell at inflated prices. In particular, the ratio of green tariff, depending on the type and power output of solar plant is 4,6-4,8 - retail electricity tariff for consumers is multiplied by this figure. The average cost per kWh is about EUR0, 4 c VAT.

Green tariff de jure, is designed to stimulate the development of the local market of alternative energy - just as it does in Europe. However, in practice it turns out not like them, but as we have. In Ukraine, the procedure for sale of electricity, converted from the sun is so bureaucratic that no one company in the country dared to issue a contract with the buyer - the regional power companies.

For example, for the electrification of a private home with private facilities with moderate power consumption must be purchased with a capacity of not less than 3.5 kW. Autonomous system will ensure uninterrupted power supply facility with a daily consumption of energy in the 5 kW -hr (the work of ten energy-saving lamps, notebook, TV, DVD-player - four hours a day, the fridge - around the clock, washing machine - 40 minutes per day). The cost of a solar plant is about $ 20 thousand. Worked out by the Sun to sell electricity to the state at the green tariff is almost impossible. This means that return on the installation should be considered based on the standard tariff for electricity - retail value of up to EUR0, 1 kW - h, NERC data. The average cost of buying the solar plant in the Ukraine can be returned after 20 years. The problem is that the life of the solar module is 25 years old, and the battery should be replaced after 18 years of his work. In this case the efficiency of the system, initially amounting to 14-16 % decreases with time. On average, for 25 years, this figure is reduced by 10%. Therefore, buying a solar plant in the Ukraine is justified only when the electrification of the countryside, where there are business or residential building, is difficult or if the solar radiation is enough to ensure maximum efficiency of the system.

sun money.

In the West, the market. solar Energy. operating successfully for several years. Developed countries maintain consumer purchasing power, converted from the Sun, EUR0,5- 0, 6 per kilowatt -hour - almost twice as expensive as the standard tariff. As well as providing cheap loans to buy solar systems. Payback of installation abroad is only four or five years. ... In addition, by the end of the year should begin to work a ten-year government program that allows consumers who install solar panels to sell energy generated at a higher rate. Because of this the share of alternative energy sources should increase to 11% by 2020, though just three years ago it was 5.9%, ...

In developed countries, solar power - not just a fashionable trend. ... For example, last year the volume of produced photovoltaic products worldwide amounted to about 7 GW, Sharp Electronics data. A total installed capacity of solar stations - 5.2 GW, which brought the producers revenue of $ 30 billion. ... Just last year, Bosch acquired company Ersol Solar Energy AG, incorporated in the current construction of a new company in Germany Ersol. And in August of 2009 for EUR46 million purchased a 39.43 % stake in the company Aleo Solar AG », - says Alexander Murzin.

Starting from 1997 the annual growth rate of photovoltaic market exceeds 35%. In Germany, consumption of photovoltaic production grew at a faster rate than the European average. ... Experts expect that the annual capacity of installed solar plants in five years will amount to 86 GW. Despite the crisis, starting from 2007 the market size doubles every year, ...

Brighter future solar market does not prevent analysts from iSuppli a more sober outlook Crisis. According to the company, in 2009, sales of solar panels will be reduced by 40% ( to $ 18.2 billion ) because of lower prices caused by excess supply and weakening demand for products. In addition, this year installed capacity of solar modules will fall by 32 %, from 5.2 GW to 3.5 GW, while the total output of 7.5 gigawatts - 14.3 % more than in 2008. According to experts iSuppli, the current decline will be the first major drop in the history of solar energy, and the market to recover until mid 2010.

However, the main engine of the market will be a gradual decline in prices for solar systems due to mass production. For example, in 1975 the cost of kilowatt-hours of solar energy was $ 20 in 2000 - is $ 0.4-0.7. ... tonnes per year. - Note. ed. ), ...

Alexander Yudenkov. , Director of Solar A. A. JSC ...

PV modules and inverters alternative energy demanded by the market?.

- In Europe - yes, because the demand for photovoltaic systems where high. In accordance with a memorandum to the EU in 2020 the share of renewable energy - wind, solar and biogas - in the total amount of energy produced should be 20 %. Sold annually in the world of solar plants with total capacity of 3.4 GW.

Why is there no market in Ukraine?.

- Because buying a solar heating system is not financially justified.

But there is a formula for calculating the green tariff, under which electricity is produced by the sun, to swim in the company at a price of 4,6-4,8 times higher than the cost of retail electricity tariff from traditional sources?.

- I do not know of any company or person who signed a contract to sell electricity on a green tariff. In practice, it is not easy to do because of the many bureaucratic. In Europe, the problems with the sale of electricity, converted from the sun, there is no. For example, every German can get a bank loan for the installation of FES ( photovoltaic system ) of a 3-5% annual. The State guarantees the purchase of green electricity tariff, which is three times the standard: the cost of kilowatt-hours from a network of about EUR0, 2 green tariff - EUR0,5- 0, 6. In this way you can repay the loan over five or six years, and then - to make a profit.

Why is the West payback FES is four or five years, and we have - twenty?.

- Because in Ukraine refund calculation is not based on the performance of green tariff, because it actually works, and by indicators of the cost of electricity from the network for consumers - at least 0,1 EUR / kW. If the government buys the producers of electricity on a green tariff, the cost would not be paid back in twenty and ten years. In addition, green energy in Europe is 0,6 EUR / kWh, we have - up to 0,4 EUR / kWh.

About. techestvennye businesses can not buy green electricity because of its high cost?.

- Yes. The cost of a watt in the system an average of $ 5. PES 5 kW will cost $ 25 thousand. In Ukraine, a few people and businesses are able to pay this amount, because they can not easily take out a loan and sell the electricity to pay back expenses.

How do promising Ukrainian market?.

- As long as consumption is so small that they talk about the future of early. On the other hand, the problems of energy conservation in our country are updated every year. Two or three years ago, demand for products, converting solar energy into electrical energy, there was virtually no. But when energy prices began to rise, and problems with energy supply regions, the population is gradually beginning to establish the combined system, where the sun is involved in the heating of water and electricity, which is 30-40 % reduction in gas consumption. Minor changes have, this year our sales in the local market grew 5%, whereas in 2008 the figure was 1-2%.

Sales of solar systems - a profitable business?.

- Yes, but there are no excess profits - return of 10-15%. The large momentum and large orders bring money. But world market prices are falling, and importers also have to reduce the cost of production. Just a year ago the price was up to a watt of EUR2, 5; today - EUR1, 7. The decline was more than 30%.

Why do world prices fall?.

- Producers reduce the price of products that she bought en masse. Equipment becomes more efficient and less energy-intensive. By the year 2015 by reducing the cost of production prices in Europe watts of solar energy and the power will be the same. The current situation in the market of solar energy is similar to what happened in the notebook market ten years ago. Remember: the first portable computers were very expensive.